SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, FAMILY PLANNING INFORMATION, HOUSEHOLD DECISION MAKING AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA

Most of the world population growth is from developing countries and Nigeria is a major player in this, with a total fertility rate (TFR) of 5.5 and very low modern contraceptive use of 15%. This study, therefore, examines the relationships between socio-demographic factors, exposure to family planning information and household decision making and contraceptive use among married women in the North-East region of Nigeria. Out of a total of 38,948 women data set, this study extracted and used 5309 sample size for women aged 15-49 in the North-East region from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) and analyzed at three levels; univariate (frequency distribution), bivariate (Chi-square) and multivariate (binary logistic regression) using SPSS version20.0 . This study distinguished between direct and indirect effects of explanatory factors to contraceptive use at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 significant level. The major factors considered in this study to influence contraceptive use are state of residence, education, religion, wealth status, number of living children, Number of co-wives, husbands education, exposure to family planning information and household decision making ,However the findings of this study revealed that only state of residence, wealth status, number of living children and family planning information from health facilities had direct relationships with contraceptive use in the North Eastern region . The study recommend that policy and program intervention to increase uptake of contraceptive in the region will have to be state specific to maximize results, and within the states, program intervention will need to customize activities according to wealth status ensuring that the poor and poorest sub-groups are given adequate information for informed choice and decision to use contraceptives in the North-East region of Nigeria .With respect to exposure to family planning information, and considering the fact that majority of the women (68.4%) and their husbands (58%), had no formal education , the most viable programming strategies will be to provide more easy access to health facility-based information to elicit increased contraceptive use in the long-run.Finally, further studies will do well to examine the variations of socio-demographic factors and household decision making within states in other to further maximize uptake of contraceptive use. .Finally, further studies will do well to examine the variations of socio-demographic factors and household decision making within states in other to further maximizFinally, further studies will do well to examine the variations of socio-demographic factors and household decision making within states in other to further maximize uptake of contraceptive use. .e uptake of contraceptive use.

On the Application of Martingale theory to Investment Strategy

Most often than not, an investor holding stock must decide whether to sell or keep holding the stock. This investment strategy over the years appears to be an easy task to take. In the investment parlance, it is called the Broker’s Common Sense (BCS). We have shown in this paper that the so-called BCS strategy is backed with advanced mathematical (probabilistic) phenomenon; we used the martingale theory to describe the strateg

Key Determinants of Contraceptive Use Among Married Women in North-Eastern Region of Nigeria

This paper examines the key determinants of contraceptive use in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria. It employed 5309 sub-sample of married women representing the North-East region of Nigeria from the 2013 nationally representative Nigeria Demographic and Health survey. It employed logistics regression statistical techniques in the analysis. Results present direct and indirect effects of predictors of contraceptive use. Predictors that had direct effects on contraceptive use were; state of residence, wealth status, number of living children, and told about family planning (FP) from health facility, while those with indirect effects were; education, religion, type of employment, husband/partner’s education, heard about FP from TV last few months, and person who usually decides on household purchases, and person who decides on visit to family/relatives had joint direct effect (Nagelkerke R2, explained variation = 38%). The odds of contraceptive use varied significantly by state of residence, while the odds increased with; higher wealth status, among respondents told about FP at health facility, and decreased significantly among those who husbands/partner decides on respondent’s visit to family/relative. These findings are crucial to policy and programs geared to increase contraceptive use in the north-east region of Nigeria